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Greek City States:
The fact that the Greek city states developed on the basis of an unfree population sharpened the conflict among the various factions of the small citizen body, especially between the aristocratic and democratic groups, and added internal to national disunity'. Violent competition for the hegemony of Greece and for power within the city state led to constant warfare, until the Greek city states succumbed to the Macedonian conquerors (338 B.C.). The weak remnants of local independence granted by the Macedonian kings were finally lost when the Romans defeated the last alliance of Greek states in 146 B.C.At this time, too, the United States turned eagerly to Greek forms, partly because of American sympathy for the Greeks in their war of liberation from Turkey., Houses, like the Lee Mansion (1826) at Arlington, Va., by George Hadfield, assumed the temple form with a free standing colonnade supporting a full entablature and pediment as a frontispiece. Since the requirements of a house do not fit in the rigid rectangle of the Greek temple, architects usually added one-story wings to flank the temple front. As the style was accepted, Greek details became more simplified. The Greek Revival in the United States expired during the Civil War.
The final conquest of most of the larger Greek city-states in that area by Dionysius during 390-379 B.C. caused the second catastrophe of political Pythagoreanism. This time most of the members were exiled. Some of the society turned to Tarentum (Taranto), where they exerted considerable influence, especially during 370-360 B.C., when Pythagoreans officially operated the government. Others of the order traveled to Greece and wandered from city to city as itinerant missionaries of their doctrine. But by 350 B.C. the brotherhood as an organization disappeared from the political scene everywhere.
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