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Heating Of Wood:
PYROLIGNEOUS ACID, pi-ro-lig'ne-us, a reddish-yellow fluid, with a disagreeable burnt odor. It is obtained by the heating of wood in the absence of air (destructive distillation). Charcoal is left behind, while the vapors given off during the heating are trapped and condensed into two mutually insoluble liquids; oily black wood tar, and watery pyroligneous acid. The weight of pyroligneous acid so obtained is about one third the original weight of the wood.Space-heating stoves were first designed to burn wood or charcoal but were later adapted to burn coal or oil as these fuels became available. Central Heating. As technology advanced, individual room stoves were superseded by central heating for the entire building. In this arrangement a furnace or a boiler is located in a Basement or some other isolated area, and steam, hot water, or hot air is transported to the rooms of the buildings by pipes or ducts. As a result of the heating unit being in an isolated location, there was a great improvement in comfort, convenience, and cleanliness in the home.
Apart from the Greeks and Romans most cultures relied upon direct-heating methods. Wood was the earliest fuel used, though in China, Japan and the Mediterranean charcoal was used because it produced less smoke. Central heating returned in the 19th c. The use of steam provided a new way to heat sites. Coal-fired boilers delivered hot steam to rooms by means of standing radiators.
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