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Orders Of Architecture: Before the middle of the 16th century, the French realized that Renaissance architecture meant more than Lombard details-. Without abandoning their traditions, they learned control and handled the orders with understanding. The rhythm of vertical pavilions linked by simpler units, the visible roof, and large windows of the new Louvre (begun 1546) by Pierre Lescot are inherited, but the correct proportions and detail of the superposed orders are new. As compared with Blois, the Renaissance has been naturalized, both in the architecture and in the decorative sculpture of Jean Goujon. Lescot also expanded the design of the Louvre from a single rectangular court into a vast scheme that linked it with the Tuileries, a project that would take over a century to complete.The Punic Wars I and II (3d century B.C.) brought Rome into contact with the Greek culture of southern Italy and Sicily; and with the conquest of Corinth (146 B.C.) Rome subjugated Greece itself. From the Hellenistic and later Greeks the Romans adopted the orders of architecture (q.v.), but modified them. They added a base to the Doric column and lightened its proportions to eight lower diameters in height. They joined the volutes of the Ionic capital with straight lines instead of the delicate Greek curves. The Corinthian was their favorite order. To the three Greek orders they added the Tuscan, a simplified version of the Doric, and the Composite, a fusion of the Corinthian and Ionic. |
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