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Mulation Of Soil:
Flora.— The great aridity of the regie east of the western or coast barrier prevents tl growth of vegetation. The surface is expose to erosive action which is especially rapid ; such great elevations, and the denudation bi comes more complete as the sand and small dii integrated fragments are swept away by tl winds, thus giving no opportunity for the acci mulation of soil. A large portion of the cer tral and eastern mountain region and the wesl ern part of the Great Plains require irrigatiu in order to have vegetation; this is so even i the parts where there is abundant fertile soil.The seed bed, or young transplants, are protected by a criss-cross arrangement of thread a few inches above ground. Also included are charcoal for giving drainage at the bottom of plant pots and window boxes; a small fork and a large spoon for window-box gardening; gloves (not too thick), and a sieve for making fine soil used in the preparation of seed beds. "Twistems" for _ tying plants to supports are a time-saving device. Each is a thin wire wrapped with tough green covering; they are much handier to use than pieces of thread or twine. The gradual accumulation of required small equipment is the natural sequence to a beginner's interest in gardening.
The role of soil bacteria is crucial for they not only fix nitrogen from the air in a form that plants can use but also promote the processes of decay. Animals whose homes are in the soil have an important if largely mechanical function in shifting and aerating the soil -it has been estimated that earthworms alone can turn over between one and ten tonnes of soil per hectare per year. As they eat and excrete the soil they also change its texture and composition.
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