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Papal City:
By the reign (1212-1250) of Emperoi erick II, with its intensification of war! Italy, individuals and cities ordinarily d decide their allegiance on the basis of p principles or fixed beliefs as to papal city or ir supremacy, although papal city supporters ca be labeled Guelphs and supporters of the i Ghibellines.I his arrival, in January 1377, Gregory was with a revolt in some of the papal city holdings nth feuding among the cities of the papal city nony, especially Bologna and Florence. He 148, on March 27, 1378, the eve of a con-called to arbitrate the Italian disputes. He le last of the French popes. The conclavele bas ing his death eventually brought about the Western Schism (q.v.).
The visitor goes by bus or taxi to Piazza del Risorgimento and walks around a corner of the Vatican Wall to come upon an immense gateway surmounted by figures of Michelangelo and Raphael, with the papal city emblem, a miter over crossed keys, between them. Those two titans, so utterly opposite in temperament, were the mainstay, artistically, of Julius II, who brought the papal city court to so brilliant a level.
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