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Pottery Decoration Producing:
Hard-paste. A term applied by European potters to a pottery clay made with a base of kaolin, a material used by the Chinese in making true porcelain, and not discovered in Europe until 1709.
Luster. A pottery Decoration producing metallic hues formed by thin layers of gold, copper, silver, etc.
On-the-glaze colors. Refers to colors applied on top of glazed ware, such as the enamels used in majolica pottery.Transfer-printed pottery. Until about 1750 all English pottery Decoration was done by hand. A method of transfer-printing pottery was discovered by John Sadler, a Liverpool printer, in 1754. The method involved transferring a design to paper from an engraved copper plate coated with pigment, and from the paper to the pottery, which was then refired. This was similar to the decalcomania process. The early pieces were printed over the glaze, producing crude and impermanent designs. The process was extensively used, however, to guide the enamellers, who filled in the black outlines with cobalt blue. Josiah Wedgwood regularly sent his "Queen's ware" to Liverpool for Decoration from 1756 to 1794. In 1780, in Worcester, a man named Turner discovered a method of under-printing the designs with oily pigment, making possible a softer and more permanent effect. Turner also originated the "Willow" pattern, later to become the most popular transfer-printed design.
Wedgwood was also noted for his terra-cotta ware colored to resemble porphyry and other stones. Basalt ware wTas the name for a black biscuit in imitation of the Egyptian stone by that name. "Queen's ware," made originally for Queen Charlotte, wife of George III, was the original cream ware for which Wedgwood obtained royal patronage in 1765. The use of Queen's ware spread with amazing rapidity over almost the entire civilized world. Agate ware had a mottled or marbled finish in imitation of the stone by that name; the ornament thereon was usually painted in a remarkable imitation of gilded bronze. Transfer-printed pottery. Until about 1750 all English pottery Decoration was done by hand. A method of transfer-printing pottery was discovered by John Sadler, a Liverpool printer, in 1754. The method involved transferring a design to paper from an engraved copper plate coated with pigment, and from the paper to the pottery, which was then refired. This was similar to the decalcomania process. The early pieces were printed over the glaze, producing crude and impermanent designs. The process was extensively used, however, to guide the enamellers, who filled in the black outlines with cobalt blue. Josiah Wedgwood regularly sent his "Queen's ware" to Liverpool for Decoration from 1756 to 1794. In 1780, in Worcester, a man named Turner discovered a method of under-printing the designs with oily pigment, making possible a softer and more permanent effect. Turner also originated the "Willow" pattern, later to become the most popular transfer-printed design.
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