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Quantities Of Water:
WATER, wo'tgr, the best known and most abundant of all chemical compounds occurring in relatively pure form on the earth's surface. Oxygen, the most abundant chemical element, is present in combination with hydrogen to the extent of 89 percent in water. Water covers about three fourths of the earth's surface and permeates cracks and crevices of much solid land. The polar regions are overlaid with vast quantities of ice, and the atmosphere of the earth carries water vapor in quantities from 0.1 percent to 2 percerj by weight. It has been estimated that the amoun of water in the atmosphere above a square mile o land on a mild summer day is of the order o 50,000 tons.QUANTITY, kwon'ti-ti, in the language of mathematics, applies to whatever can be measured : space, time, weight, number, force, are all quantities. Quantities are represented in mathematics by symbols, and these too are called quantities. In algebra, quantities are distinguished as known and unknown, real and imaginary, constant and variable, rational and irrational. For quantity in logic see LOGIC GLOSSARY.
WATER METER, a device installed in a pipe under pressure for measuring and registering the quantity of water passing through it. Sextus Julius Frontinus (c. 30—104), a curator aquarum in charge of the many aqueducts delivering upland water to Rome, had bronze apertures installed where the quantities of water diverted to large consumers could be observed antl estimated; for smaller users, orifices were installed. The original United States patent for measuring flow of water under pressure was granted in 1850 to William Sewell, and in 1852, Joseph Maudsley took out a British patent on a similar principle.
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