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Tenure In Office:
Radical Republicans also ousted the pro-Johnson chairman of the National Committee, Henry Raymond, in the bitter feuding that went on for control of the party. And in the mid-term elections, the congressional wing of the party won the day by increasing Republican majorities in every northern state. Early in 1867 the uncompromising struggle between Johnson and the Radical Republicans reached its final phase when Johnson removed his secretary of war from office in defiance of the tenure in office of Office Act (q.v.) which Congress had passed over the president's veto. Johnson was then impeached by the House and on his trial in the Senate he won acquittal by just one vote.After Roosevelt's reelection in November 1904, Hay, a sick man, gave up most of his official responsibilities. When he died in Newbury, N. H., on July 1, 1905, he still held office, but in his last months he was secretary of state in name only. Hay was secretary of state for seven years, holding the office longer than most incumbents. During his tenure in office, foreign affairs, which for almost a century had been overshadowed by domestic concerns, became once again central in government policy. Hay's term spanned the years when the United States for the first time began to play a weighty role in international affairs, and his name is associated with one of the basic principles in the history of American foreign policy, the Open Door.
The act, however, specifically retained the quasi-feudal tenure in office of small landholders known as copyhold and all of its feudal incidents. Radical attempts to win legal Security of tenure in office for copyholders had failed during the revolution, and as a result most smaller farmers (unlike then-betters), having no absolute ownership of property, were unable to compete for the profits of an agricultural revolution that had started during the interregnum.
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