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Tubular Flower:
Gold fields range in height from 8 to 24 inches (20—60 cm). Their flower heads are about % to 1 inch (13-25 mm) in diameter, with flat petal-like flowers around the edge of the flower head and short tubular flowers in the center. Some species branch freely, while others grow un-branched and erect. The leaves, especially the lower ones, are usually opposite and may be either simple or compound.The fragrant plantain lily (Hosta plantaginea) grows with lush, ribbed leaves, 10 inches long. In late summer to early autumn, 5-inch-long, white, very fragrant tubular flowers appear on 2-foot stems. At night the petals seem to spread and the perfume of honey fills the air. They are hardy in Zone 5 but may need a light covering on very frosty nights to protect the delicate blossoms. They make* excellent cut flower, lasting for days in a vase. The moon flower has an entry all to itself on page 96.
Ceramic and metal microfilters are also available for more extreme duties as either flat sheet or tubular forms with pore ratings between 0.1 and 8 /im or 0.2 and 5 ^m, respectively. Typical industrial microfilters are tubular monoliths similar to those used in ultrafiltration which are capable of holding up to 108 tubes (see Figure 7.37 and Section 7.6.2.1). A microfilter typically operates with fluxes <1 m3 m~2 rT1 and pressures below 500 kPa. Due to the processing of larger particles the gel formation observed in ultrafiltration is not generally seen in microfiltration and relatively high pressures can sometimes be beneficially employed.
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